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README.md 5.2 KiB

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  1. # Email server setup script
  2. This script installs an email server with all the features required in the
  3. modern web.
  4. I've linked this file on Github to a shorter, more memorable address on my
  5. website so you can get it on your machine with this short command:
  6. ```sh
  7. curl -LO lukesmith.xyz/emailwiz.sh
  8. ```
  9. When prompted by a dialog menu at the beginning, select "Internet Site", then
  10. give your full domain without any subdomain, e.g. `lukesmith.xyz`.
  11. I'm glad to say that dozens, hundreds of people have now used it and there is a
  12. sizeable network of people with email servers thanks to this script.
  13. ## This script installs
  14. - **Postfix** to send and receive mail.
  15. - **Dovecot** to get mail to your email client (mutt, Thunderbird, etc.).
  16. - Config files that link the two above securely with native PAM log-ins.
  17. - **Spamassassin** to prevent spam and allow you to make custom filters.
  18. - **OpenDKIM** to validate you so you can send to Gmail and other big sites.
  19. - **Certbot** SSL certificates, if not already present.
  20. - **fail2ban** to increase server security, with enabled modules for the above
  21. programs.
  22. ## This script does _not_...
  23. - use a SQL database or anything like that. We keep it simple and use normal
  24. Unix system users for accounts and passwords.
  25. - set up a graphical web interface for mail like Roundcube or Squirrel Mail.
  26. You are expected to use a normal mail client like Thunderbird or K-9 for
  27. Android or good old mutt with
  28. [mutt-wizard](https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/mutt-wizard). Note that there
  29. is a guide for [Rainloop](https://landchad.net/rainloop/) on
  30. [LandChad.net](https://landchad.net) for those that want such a web
  31. interface.
  32. ## Prerequisites for Installation
  33. 1. Debian or Ubuntu server. I suited this script for
  34. [Vultr](https://www.vultr.com/?ref=8940911-8H) servers originally, but it
  35. seems to work on most other default setups on different VPS providers.
  36. 2. DNS records that point at least your domain's `mail.` subdomain to your
  37. server's IP (IPv4 and IPv6). This is required on initial run for certbot to
  38. get an SSL certificate for your `mail.` subdomain.
  39. ## Mandatory Finishing Touches
  40. ### Unblock your ports
  41. While the script enables your mail ports on your server, it is common practice
  42. for all VPS providers to block mail ports on their end by default. Open a help
  43. ticket with your VPS provider asking them to open your mail ports and they will
  44. do it in short order.
  45. ### DNS records
  46. At the end of the script, you will be given some DNS records to add to your DNS
  47. server/registrar's website. These are mostly for authenticating your emails as
  48. non-spam. The 4 records are:
  49. 1. An MX record directing to `mail.yourdomain.tld`.
  50. 2. A TXT record for SPF (to reduce mail spoofing).
  51. 3. A TXT record for DMARC policies.
  52. 4. A TXT record with your public DKIM key. This record is long and **uniquely
  53. generated** while running `emailwiz.sh` and thus must be added after
  54. installation.
  55. They will look something like this:
  56. ```
  57. @ MX 10 mail.example.org
  58. mail._domainkey.example.org TXT v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=anextremelylongsequenceoflettersandnumbersgeneratedbyopendkim
  59. _dmarc.example.org TXT v=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.org; fo=1
  60. example.org TXT v=spf1 mx a: -all
  61. ```
  62. The script will create a file, `~/dns_emailwiz` that will list our the records
  63. for your convenience, and also prints them at the end of the script.
  64. ### Add a rDNS/PTR record as well!
  65. Set a reverse DNS or PTR record to avoid getting spammed. You can do this at
  66. your VPS provider, and should set it to `mail.yourdomain.tld`. Note that you
  67. should set this for both IPv4 and IPv6.
  68. ## Making new users/mail accounts
  69. Let's say we want to add a user Billy and let him receive mail, run this:
  70. ```
  71. useradd -m -G mail billy
  72. passwd billy
  73. ```
  74. Any user added to the `mail` group will be able to receive mail. Suppose a user
  75. Cassie already exists and we want to let her receive mail too. Just run:
  76. ```
  77. usermod -a -G mail cassie
  78. ```
  79. A user's mail will appear in `~/Mail/`. If you want to see your mail while ssh'd
  80. in the server, you could just install mutt, add `set spoolfile="+Inbox"` to
  81. your `~/.muttrc` and use mutt to view and reply to mail. You'll probably want
  82. to log in remotely though:
  83. ## Logging in from email clients (Thunderbird/mutt/etc)
  84. Let's say you want to access your mail with Thunderbird or mutt or another
  85. email program. For my domain, the server information will be as follows:
  86. - SMTP server: `mail.lukesmith.xyz`
  87. - SMTP port: 465
  88. - IMAP server: `mail.lukesmith.xyz`
  89. - IMAP port: 993
  90. ## Benefited from this?
  91. I am always glad to hear this script is still making life easy for people. If
  92. this script or documentation has saved you some frustration, donate here:
  93. - btc: `bc1qzw6mk80t3vrp2cugmgfjqgtgzhldrqac5axfh4`
  94. - xmr: `8A5v4Ci11Lz7BDoE2z2oPqMoNHzr5Zj8B3Q2N2qzqrUKhAKgNQYGSSaZDnBUWg6iXCiZyvC9mVCyGj5kGMJTi1zGKGM4Trm`
  95. ## Sites for Troubleshooting
  96. Can't send or receive mail? Getting marked as spam? There are tools to double-check your DNS records and more:
  97. - Always check `journalctl -xe` first for specific errors.
  98. - [Check your DNS](https://intodns.com/)
  99. - [Test your TXT records via mail](https://appmaildev.com/en/dkim)
  100. - [Is your IP blacklisted?](https://mxtoolbox.com/blacklists.aspx)
  101. - [mxtoolbox](https://mxtoolbox.com/SuperTool.aspx)